i didnt care about how i wrote my bash scripts, coz i know theyd ultimately be used just by myself. but for the past few day, i’ve been working on this project, mk-blog which uses some bash scripts, there are chances that others might look at them. besides in work they’re asking me maintain a server. so why not learn the standards. but i couldn’t find anything good online (i’m gonna blame my search engine lol). so…

i’d appreciate redirections to (official or community) bash coding standards

  • PseudoSpock@lemmy.dbzer0.com
    16·
    5 months ago

    Don’t know about everyone else, but here are some of mine:

    • Stick to posix compliance shell code, wherever possible
    • Please wrap your variables with { }. Just please.
    • Global variables being exported in all caps
    • Local variables in lower case
    • $() instead of ` `
    • Comment anything complicated, comment what section, comment usage
    • Include usage output if options are not recognized
    • Use case instead of if / elif, where possible
    • 80 characters or less per line, where possible
    • HERE docs in designated section, marked by comment blocks
    • Comment your functions immediately above it’s definition
    • Add comment “#End of function Xyz” at line immediately below a function, with replacing Xyz with name of that function
    • 2 space indentation
    • Multi-line strings: First line open with quote and first line of string, followed by a backslash , subsequent lines properly indented and backslashed. Last line, properly indented and close quoted.
    • Break up multiple piping of commands with |\ and a new line where it makes sense to look nice, assisting readability
    • Echo what the script is doing once in a while if the user will be waiting for a while
    • Please don’t do shar archives, or byte located binary extractions, make a script and a separate tarball - Helps a ton if we have to change it, like say… swapping out a bundled java runtime built for x86_64 with one for aarch64
    • If the script will run for a very long time, check for tmux or screen and also the TMOUT variable… Give a warning to the user their connection might time out before the script is done if they don’t unset TMOUT, and try using tmux or screen to allow the script to continue in the background, even if you do get disconnected
    • Make use of logger
    • I try to organize a script this way: 1. Shebang, 2. Initial variable definitions, 3. Functions, 4. runtime execution code, which might be best outside of a function, and calling functions. 5. Clean-up (remove pid and lock files, tmp files, etc etc.)
    • SpongeBorgCubePants@lemmy.world
      6·
      5 months ago

      Only thing to disagree here is 80 char limit, would go for 120 personally.

      Also, IMHO, pipes should be at the beginning of the next line, not at the end of the previous one.

      Makes cleaner commits and nicer diffs.

    • ZuccaEnglish
      41·
      5 months ago

      $() instead of

      So much this!

    • Zucca
      3·
      5 months ago
      • utilize awk if you need to process (=more complex than just grepping) large amounts of text.
        • make your awk code conform to at least busybox awk for compability

      I once did a sh script that needed (because I wanted a challenge?) to be compatible with vanilla Android shell too. So I needed to test it with regular bash, busybox and mksh+toybox. That was ‘fun’.

      I’ve had some initial plans to spllit the code out from that project and develop a “shell” library that would ease building shell scripts that are compatible with different systems… But I bet someone else has already done that.