BTW, I always thought duckduckgo was a pure engine, and it does as well some meta searching through bing.

I don’t know where you get this idea from but it is completely false, pretty much all results come from Bing. Same goes for Qwant, ecosia a a few other search engines. Some of them are in the process of building their own index (AFAIK Qwant and Swisscow), but they still have a lot to catch up.

Otherwise there’s mojeek, which has its own index and doesn’t do any metasearch, but the results are quite bad.