In Debt: The First 5,000 Years, anthropologist David Graeber explores the fascinating history of debt and economies. It starts out by debunking the common myth that prior to coinage, everyone were trapped in this inefficient mode of barter. If you had a chicken to give and wanted sugar from Gandalf, but Gandalf was a vegetarian, you ha...
I don’t think that was necessarily the main purpose of open-source from a company perspective. I think they saw that Free Software allows for inter-company cooperation on the base level of software (like the Linux kernel) and having commoditized “raw materials” is usually seen as a good thing for companies higher up the value chain. But they disliked that the Copyleft was forcing them to disclose to their “cooperating” competitors parts of the software that formed their competitive advantage and thus open-source was born.
The extractive nature of the big cloud providers like AWS came later, and as several recent examples have shown, those rather fork or re-implement then reimbursing smaller software companies for using the open-source software they developed.
Right, but my point is, they learned about the pragmatic benefits of cooperation from the ecosystem the free software movement had already pioneered for explicitly political reasons.
Free software, for all the faults of the FSF, is valuable but not just because the development model can help companies cooperate where it makes sense and soak up contributions from the community – it’s valuable because it aims to establish ecosystems of software (and increasingly hardware) that allow people to use their devices on their own terms.
But that doesn’t matter to big companies who showed up and saw – a variety of ways to lower costs by externalizing them in a variety of ways (getting other companies to underwrite part of development, using open source without contributing anything back, in Amazon’s case, copying the competition to undercut them, etc) and spun off open source into its own thing that explicitly had no higher aims regarding the need to establish a copylefted software commons to safeguard user and developer autonomy.
Showing up to an economic and political project to build a commons and turning it into a corporate cash cow in a variety of ways seems pretty inherently exploitative to me. Also, it’s not mainly about AWS creating “Amazon Basics” versions of open source software, although that’s definitely an interesting one. It’s much more about situations like, for example, how so many people used, but nobody thought to fund OpenSSL until there was a catastrophic security bug and the only explanation was “OpenSSL can afford exactly one developer to maintain mission-critical encryption software for like, everybody, because nobody contributes back.” Only then did companies start pledging money to make sure their “mission-critical” infrastructure was up to snuff.
I think we are in 99% agreement, but I also think the OpenSSL or Log4J people brought this upon themselves to some extend as they should have dropped supporting it long ago under such circumstances. Maybe the projects would have died, but surely one way or another there would be a better funded (but likely company consortium owned) open-source equivalent now.
Exploitation was really to a large extend self-exploitation there.