We want to link road maintenance to usage as directly as possible to incentivize driving less
That makes sense.
A per mile fee tied to the weight of the vehicle should be the most fair
That sounds like a good idea. The weight of the vehicle is easy to determine. The distance is harder for the government to measure, which is the topic of the OP.
That makes sense.
That sounds like a good idea. The weight of the vehicle is easy to determine. The distance is harder for the government to measure, which is the topic of the OP.