Moscow has ramped up unconventional attacks against the West since it invaded Ukraine in 2022.
Since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russia has ramped up its campaign of so-called hybrid attacks — such as arson, cyber and information campaigns, or sabotage — throughout Europe.
Recent examples include the alleged cutting of energy and communications cables in the Baltic Sea, which German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius described as “sabotage.” In that case, as in many other examples of hybrid attacks, it is difficult for governments to quickly and definitively attribute the attacks to Moscow.
Only if it is also a crime in the extraditing state and if that state has no reason to believe that the punishment would be cruel and unusual.
And if there is an extradition agreement still in effect.
So practically no they can’t. They can still be punished by the potentially extraditing country though.